SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

Rosas, Francisco; Babcock, Bruce A.; Hayes, Dermot J..

On average, U.S. farmers choose to apply nitrogen fertilizer at a rate that exceeds the ex post agronomically optimal rate. The technology underlying the yield response to nitrogen rewards producers who over apply in years when rainfall is excessive. The overapplication of nutrients has negative environmental consequences because the nitrogen that is not taken up by the plant will typically volatilize causing N2O emissions, or leach causing water pollution. We present a nonlinear offset program that induces farmers to reduce their nitrogen applications to the level that will be consumed by the plant in a typical year and, as a result, reduce N2O emissions from agriculture. The offset program is nonlinear because of the nonlinear relationship between N2O...

Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper

Palavras-chave: Carbon offsets; Nitrogen fertilizer; Nitrous oxide; Pollution; Uncertainty; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Production Economics; Risk and Uncertainty.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103914

Carbon sequestration and greenhouse gases emissions in soil under sewage sludge residual effects

Pitombo,Leonardo Machado; Carmo,Janaina Braga do; Maria,Isabela Clerici de; Andrade,Cristiano Alberto de.

The large volume of sewage sludge (SS) generated with high carbon (C) and nutrient content suggests that its agricultural use may represent an important alternative to soil carbon sequestration and provides a potential substitute for synthetic fertilizers. However, emissions of CH4 and N2O could neutralize benefits with increases in soil C or saving fertilizer production because these gases have a Global Warming Potential (GWP) 25 and 298 times greater than CO2, respectively. Thus, this study aimed to determine C and N content as well as greenhouse gases (GHG) fluxes from soils historically amended with SS. Sewage sludge was applied between 2001 and 2007, and maize (Zea mays L.) was sowed in every year between 2001 and 2009. We evaluated three treatments:...

CO2, CH4 and N2O fluxes in an Ultisol treated with sewage sludge and cultivated with castor bean

Palavras-chave: Biosolid; Nitrogen; Carbon dioxide; Methane; Nitrous oxide.

Ano: 2015

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0103-90162015000200147

Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Solo

Chiaradia,Jonas Jacob; Chiba,Marcio Koiti; Andrade,Cristiano Alberto de; Carmo,Janaína Braga do; Oliveira,Claudeir de; Lavorenti,Arquimedes.

Organic residue application into soil alter the emission of gases to atmosphere and CO2, CH4, N2O may contribute to increase the greenhouse effect. This experiment was carried out in a restoration area on a dystrophic Ultisol (PVAd) to quantify greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from soil under castor bean cultivation, treated with sewage sludge (SS) or mineral fertilizer. The following treatments were tested: control without N; FertMin = mineral fertilizer; SS5 = 5 t ha-1 SS (37.5 kg ha-1 N); SS10 = 10 t ha-1 SS (75 kg ha-1 N); and SS20 = 20 t ha-1 SS (150 kg ha-1 N). The amount of sludge was based on the recommended rate of N for castor bean (75 kg ha-1), the N level of SS and the mineralization fraction of N from SS. Soil gas emission was measured for 21...

Custo da análise de NH4+ E NO3- pelos métodos Fia e Kjeldahl.

Palavras-chave: Residue; Nitrogen; Carbon dioxide; Nitrous oxide; Methane.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-06832009000600035

Infoteca-e

SOUZA, V. B. de; SANCHEZ, P. E. S.; MELO, T. S.; SILVA, W. M.; TOMAZI, M..

bitstream/item/148482/1/12-custo....pdf

Tipo: Outras publicações técnicas (INFOTECA-E)

Palavras-chave: Análise de solo; Nitrogênio mineral; Óxido nitroso; Mineral nitrogen.; Nitrous oxide; Soil analysis..

Ano: 2016

URL: http://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/1054240

Does nitrogen availability have greater control over the formation of tropical heath forests than water stress?A hypothesis based on nitrogen isotope ratios

Acta Amazonica

Brearley,Francis Q; Fine,Paul V. A; Perreijn,Kristel.

Global scale analyses of soil and foliage δ15N have found positive relationships between δ15N and ecosystem N loss (suggesting an open N cycle) and a negative relationship between δ15N and water availability. We show here that soils and leaves from tropical heath forests are depleted in 15N relative to 'typical' forests suggesting that they have a tight N cycle and are therefore limited by N rather than by, often suggested, water availability.

Effects of nitrous oxide on minimum alveolar concentration of desflurane in dogs

Palavras-chave: Acid soils; Kerangas; Nitrous oxide; Stable isotopes.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0044-59672011000400017

Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec.

Nishimori,C.T.; Nunes,N.; Paula,D.P.; Rezende,M.L.; Souza,A.P.; Santos,P.S.P..

Effects of nitrous oxide (N2O) on minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of desflurane were studied. For that purpose, 30 dogs were randomly allocated into two groups: desflurane group (GD) and N2O and desflurane group (GDN). GD animals received propofol to intubation, and 11.5V% of desflurane diluted in 100% O2. After 30 minutes, they received electric stimulus and if the animal did not react to stimulus, desflurane concentration was reduced by 1.5V%. This protocol was repeated at each 15 minutes, and stimulus was interrupted when voluntary reaction was observed. GDN dogs were submitted to diluent flow 30% O2 and 70% N2O. Desflurane's MAC; heart (HR) and respiratory (RR) rates; systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressures (SAP, DAP, and MAP,...

Emissions inventory of greenhouse gases and ammonia from livestock housing and manure management

Palavras-chave: Dog; Desflurane; Nitrous oxide; MAC.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0102-09352007000100017

CIGR Journal

Mohamed Samer; Cairo University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Engineering.

An emission inventory is a database on the amount of pollutants released into the atmosphere. The anthropogenic emissions of air pollutants and greenhouse gases are detrimental to the environment and the ecosystems. Therefore, reducing emissions is crucial. One key issue is to inventory these emissions, and consequently databases on anthropogenic emissions will be available for making decisions on implementing suitable mitigation strategies. Such investigations aim at developing national emissions inventory for domestic livestock and to identify possible abatement techniques in order to reduce these emissions. Therefore, the objectives of this study are to introduce and define the emissions inventories, review the emission inventory guides, introduce...

Palavras-chave: Agricultural engineering; Agricultural buildings and bioenvironmental engineering emissions inventory; Greenhouse gases; Methane; Nitrous oxide; Ammonia; Particulate matter; Livestock buildings; Manure; Emission factors; Emissions abatement techniques.

Ano: 2013

URL: http://www.cigrjournal.org/index.php/Ejounral/article/view/2449

Emissions inventory of greenhouse gases and ammonia from livestock housing and manure management

CIGR Journal

Samer, Mohamed.

Ex-ante greenhouse gas balance of agriculture and forestry development programs

Ano: 2013

URL: http://www.cigrjournal.org/index.php/Ejounral/article/view/2449

Bernoux,Martial; Branca,Giacomo; Carro,Aude; Lipper,Leslie; Smith,Garry; Bockel,Louis.

EX-ACT (EX-Ante Carbon-balance Tool) is a tool developed by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). It provides ex-ante measurements of the mitigation impact of agriculture and forestry development projects, estimating net C balance from GHG emissions and Carbon (C) sequestration. EX-ACT is a land-based accounting system, measuring C stocks, stock changes per unit of land, and CH4 and N2O emissions expressed in t CO2-eq per hectare and year. The main output of the tool is an estimation of the C-balance associated with the adoption of improved land management options, as compared with a "business as usual" scenario. EX-ACT has been developed using primarily the IPCC 2006 Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories,...

GRAZING MANAGEMENT, AMMONIA AND NITROUS OXIDE EMISSIONS: A GENERAL VIEW

Palavras-chave: Mitigation; Nitrous oxide; Methane; C sequestration; Land use change and forestry.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0103-90162010000100005

R.C. Suelo Nutr. Veg.

Núñez,Pedro; Demanet,Rolando; Matus,Francisco; Mora,Maria de la Luz.

The grazing management of grassland has a direct effect on nitrogen (N) recycling. This is an important reason why management has become an alternative to improve the grassland production and quality, in turn to make it more suitable for the environment. However, the livestock system intensification induces changes in the natural dynamics of the N cycle, accelerating gas emmisions (e.g. ammonia, NH3 and nitrous oxide, N(2)0) and leaching losses from soil under grazing. When the amount of N in the environment increases, there is an impact on smog episodes, global warming, stratospheric ozone depletion, acid rain and eutrophication of fresh water. There are different techniques to evaluate the gases emitted from the soil. This klonowledge is useful to design...

Tipo: Journal article

Palavras-chave: Ammonia; Grazing; Management; Nitrogen; Nitrous oxide; Livestock.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27912007000300006

Greenhouse Gas (CO2 AND N2O) Emissions from Soils: A Review

Chilean J. Agric. Res.

Muñoz,Cristina; Paulino,Leandro; Monreal,Carlos; Zagal,Erick.

In agricultural activities, the main greenhouse gases (GHG) are those related to C and N global cycles. The impact of agriculture on GHG emissions has become a key issue, especially when considering that natural C and N cycles are influenced by agricultural development. This review focuses on CO2 and N2O soil emissions in terrestrial ecosystems, with emphasis in Chilean and similar agro-ecosystems around the world. The influence of land use and crop management practices on CO2 and N2O emissions is analyzed; some mitigation measures to reduce such emissions are also discussed here. More knowledge on the biological processes that promote of GHG emissions from soil will allow creating opportunities for agricultural development under friendly-environmental...

Tipo: Journal article

Palavras-chave: Global warming; Carbon dioxide; Nitrous oxide; Soil biological processes; Soil organic carbon; Nitrification; Denitrification.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-58392010000300016

Greenhouse Gas Emission Factor Module: Land Use in Rural New Zealand—Climate Version 1

Hendy, Joanna; Kerr, Suzi.

Several different New Zealand economic models produce measures of rural economic activity that have greenhouse gas implications. For climate change analysis, models need to translate economic activity into greenhouse gas emissions. This document estimates functions and creates projections for land-use related greenhouse gas emissions per unit of economic activity that are simple; are based on readily available data and strong science; are consistent with the national inventory in 2002; evolve so that implied net emissions approximately match past inventory totals (1990–2002); and can be linked easily to a variety of models so they can be used in simulations. We estimate dynamic greenhouse gas emission functions for five land uses: dairy, sheep, beef,...

Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation

Palavras-chave: Climate change; Greenhouse gases; Methane; Nitrous oxide; Carbon dioxide; Scrub; Forest; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Relations/Trade; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98501

Greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture in the EU: A spatial assessment of sources and abatement costs

de Cara, Stephane; Houze, Martin; Jayet, Pierre-Alain.

Agriculture contributes significantly to the emissions of greenhouse gases in the EU. By using a farm-type, linear-programming based model of the European agricultural supply, we first assess the initial levels of methane and nitrous oxide emissions at the regional level in the EU. For a range of CO2 prices, we assess the potential abatement that can be achieved through an IPCC-based emission tax in EU agriculture, as well as the resulting optimal mix of emission sources in the total abatement. Further, we show that the spatial variability of the abatement actually achieved at a given carbon price is large, indicating that abatement cost heterogeneity is a fundamental feature in the design of a mitigation policy. We assess the efficiency loss associated...

Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation

Palavras-chave: Climate change; Greenhouse gas emissions; Agriculture; Methane; Nitrous oxide; European Union; Marginal abatement costs; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q25; Q15.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58401

Greenhouse gases emission and sustainable development of animal agriculture

OAK

Takahashi, Junichi; 高橋, 潤一.

2006年8月3日とかちプラザ・レインボーホールで開催､日本ユネスコ国内委員会主催の帯広農村開発教育国際セミナー(OASERD)国際連合ユネスコアジア太平洋地域教育開発計画事業(APEID)シンポジウム｢地球にやさしい農畜産業をめざして : 温室効果ガスの発生と制御」講演資料

Palavras-chave: Global warming; Greenhouse gas; Nitrous oxide; Methane; Kyoto Protocol.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://ir.obihiro.ac.jp/dspace/handle/10322/1892

Influence of Waiting Time after Insertion of Base Chamber into Soil on Produced Greenhouse Gas Fluxes

Chilean J. Agric. Res.

Muñoz,Cristina; Saggar,Surinder; Berben,Peter; Giltrap,Donna; Jha,Neha.

The soil chamber technique is most commonly used for measuring gas exchange between soil surfaces and the atmosphere, to understand regulatory processes relevant to determine the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from soils and to improve the emissions inventory of agricultural systems. The chambers are inserted into the soil to avoid the lateral diffusion of the gases. However, soil disturbance caused by chamber insertion causes in degassing and can result in erroneous flux data from measurements made immediately following chamber insertion. Here we assess the effect of soil disturbance associated with the insertion of the chambers on nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) fluxes with and without N fertilization, from a New Zealand pasture soil. We collected...

Tipo: Journal article

Palavras-chave: Nitrous oxide; Methane; Agricultural soil; Soil biological processes; Gases monitoring.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-58392011000400017

Nitrogen fluxes from irrigated common‑bean as affected by mulching and mineral fertilization

PAB

Carvalho,Márcia Thaís de Melo; Madari,Beáta Emöke; Leal,Wesley Gabriel de Oliveira; Costa,Adriana Rodolfo da; Machado,Pedro Luiz Oliveira de Almeida; Silveira,Pedro Marques da; Moreira,José Aloísio Alves; Heinemann,Alexandre Bryan.

The objective of this work was to measure the fluxes of N2O‑N and NH3‑N throughout the growing season of irrigated common‑bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), as affected by mulching and mineral fertilization. Fluxes of N2O‑N and NH3‑N were evaluated in areas with or without Congo signal grass mulching (Urochloa ruziziensis) or mineral fertilization. Fluxes of N were also measured in a native Cerrado area, which served as reference. Total N2O‑N and NH3‑N emissions were positively related to the increasing concentrations of moisture, ammonium, and nitrate in the crop system, within 0.5 m soil depth. Carbon content in the substrate and microbial biomass within 0.1 m soil depth were favoured by Congo signal grass and related to higher emissions of N2O‑N, regardless of...

NO AND N2O FLUXES FROM A BELGIAN FOREST AFFECTED BY ELEVATED NITROGEN DEPOSITION

Palavras-chave: Cerrado; Climate change; Greenhouse gas; N fertilization; Nitrous oxide; No‑tillage.

Ano: 2013

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-204X2013000500003

Gayana Botánica

Boeckx,Pascal; Vervaet,Hilde; Cleemput,Oswald van.

Nitrous oxide (N2O) and nitric oxide (NO) are important atmospheric trace gases, and soils (including forest soils) are a substantial source of both gases. In forests subjected to elevated N deposition these emissions are considered as indirect emissions from agricultural N sources (mainly NH3) or combustion (e.g. NOx from traffic). However, knowledge about N2O and NO exchange between forests and the atmosphere is scarce. The aim of this study was to determine N2O and NO emission rates from a deciduous forest in Belgium, receiving a high N-deposition (ca. 40 kg N ha-1 yr-1). In April 2000, the NO emission from the forested location was 17.3 (± 1.2) and 17.05 (± 0.7) ng NO-N m-2 s-1, respectively, for the soil including the organic layer and the mineral...

Tipo: Journal article

Palavras-chave: Emission; Forest soil; Nitrogen; Cycling; Nitric oxide; Nitrous oxide.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0717-66432005000200003

Preliminary Assessment of Nitrous Oxide Offsets in a Cap and Trade Program

Ribaudo, Marc; Delgado, Jorge; Livingston, Michael J..

Nitrous oxide is a powerful greenhouse gas that is emitted from cropland treated with nitrogen fertilizer. Reducing such emissions through nutrient management might be able to produce offsets for sale in a cap and trade program aimed at reducing greenhouse gases. We use the Nitrate Leaching and Economic Analysis Program (NLEAP) model and data from the Agricultural and Resource Management Survey to examine what changes in rate, timing, or method of application a farmer would take to produce offsets. We find that reducing the application rate is the most favored approach for producing offsets. We also find that some management choices may increase nitrate losses to water.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Nitrous oxide; Nutrient management; Cap and trade; NLEAP; Greenhouse gas; Environmental Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117776

Quantifying soil carbon stocks and greenhouse gas fluxes in the sugarcane agrosystem: point of view

Cerri,Carlos Eduardo Pellegrino; Galdos,Marcelo Valadares; Carvalho,João Luís Nunes; Feigl,Brigitte Josefine; Cerri,Carlos Clemente.

Strategies to mitigate climate change through the use of biofuels (such as ethanol) are associated not only to the increase in the amount of C stored in soils but also to the reduction of GHG emissions to the atmosphere.This report mainly aimed to propose appropriate methodologies for the determinations of soil organic carbon stocks and greenhouse gas fluxes in agricultural phase of the sugarcane production. Therefore, the text is a piece of contribution that may help to obtain data not only on soil carbon stocks but also on greenhouse gas emissions in order to provide an accurate life cycle assessment for the ethanol. Given that the greenhouse gas value is the primary measure of biofuel product quality, biorefiners that can show a higher offset of their...

Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/other

Palavras-chave: Soil organic matter; Global warming; Nitrous oxide; Ethanol.

Ano: 2013

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0103-90162013000500011

Root extracts of Bracchiaria humidicola andSaccharum spontaneum to increase N use by sugarcane

Kölln,Oriel Tiago; Franco,Henrique Coutinho Junqueira; Ferreira,Danilo Alves; Vargas,Vitor Paulo; Castro,Saulo Augusto de Quassi; Cantarella,Heitor; Caldana,Camila; Trivelin,Paulo Cesar Ocheuze.

ABSTRACT Retaining the mineral N in the form of NH4+ in the soil for a lengthy period is desirable for reducing losses. Furthermore, there is evidence that sugarcane prefers NH4+-N in place of NO3−-N. This study aimed firstly, to evaluate the potential of root extracts of Bracchiaria humidicola andSaccharum spontaneum, in contrast with the DCD (Dicyandiamide) inhibitor, to increase absorption of N by plants fertilized with ammonium sulfate, and secondly, to quantify the emission of N2O fluxes with the use of this inhibitor. The experiment was developed in a glasshouse in an entirely randomized design where four treatments were applied: AS) ammonium sulfate (control); AS+DCD) ammonium sulfate associated with dicyandiamide; AS+BCH) ammonium sulfate...